Milk is more than just a food for babies. Breast milk has evolved to deliver thousands of diverse molecules including growth factors, hormones and antibodies, as well as microbes. Elizabeth Johnson, a molecular nutritionist at Cornell University, studies the effects of infants’ diet on the gut microbiome. These studies could hold clues to hard questions… Continue reading What Does Milk Do for Babies?
Category: Quantum Stuff
How the Solar Eclipse Will Impact Electricity Supplies
This article is part of a special report on the total solar eclipse that will be visible from parts of the U.S., Mexico and Canada on April 8, 2024. The following essay is reprinted with permission from The Conversation, an online publication covering the latest research. During the most recent total solar eclipse visible in… Continue reading How the Solar Eclipse Will Impact Electricity Supplies
Moving Trees North Could Save Forests from a Changing Climate
On a brisk September morning, Brian Palik’s footfalls land quietly on a path in flickering light, beneath a red pine canopy in Minnesota’s iconic Northwoods. A mature red pine, also called Norway pine, is a tall, straight overstory tree that thrives in cold winters and cool summers. It’s the official Minnesota state tree and a… Continue reading Moving Trees North Could Save Forests from a Changing Climate
Does AI Know What an Apple Is? She Aims to Find Out.
What does “understanding” or “meaning” mean, empirically? What, specifically, do you look for? When I was starting my research program at Brown, we decided that meaning involves concepts in some way. I realize this is a theoretical commitment that not everyone makes, but it seems intuitive. If you use the word “apple” to mean apple,… Continue reading Does AI Know What an Apple Is? She Aims to Find Out.
As Election 2024 Unfolds, Be Aware That Big Lies Can Distort What We Believe In
Politicians have never been known for a strict adherence to truth. U.S. voters admit they know their representatives routinely lie to them: voters routinely assume that even their own party’s politicians are dishonest about two fifths of the time, according to a 2021 study.But in this election year, a larger-than-life candidate is openly distorting reality… Continue reading As Election 2024 Unfolds, Be Aware That Big Lies Can Distort What We Believe In
How a NASA Probe Solved a Scorching Solar Mystery
At this point, we knew that solar magnetism was behaving in ways we weren’t expecting. SOHO data had revealed that globally, the solar magnetic field was far more variable than we had imagined. And the particles comprising the solar wind, as measured near Earth, had peculiar compositional patterns that didn’t make sense if the wind… Continue reading How a NASA Probe Solved a Scorching Solar Mystery
To Pack Spheres Tightly, Mathematicians Throw Them at Random
Mathematicians like to generalize concepts into higher dimensions. Sometimes this is easy. If you want to efficiently pack squares in two dimensions, you arrange them like a checkerboard. To squeeze together three-dimensional cubes, you stack them like moving boxes. Mathematicians can easily extend these arrangements, packing cubes in higher-dimensional space to perfectly fill it. Packing… Continue reading To Pack Spheres Tightly, Mathematicians Throw Them at Random
Cryptography Tricks Make a Hard Problem a Little Easier
What’s the best way to solve hard problems? That’s the question at the heart of a subfield of computer science called computational complexity theory. It’s a hard question to answer, but flip it around and it becomes easier. The worst approach is almost always trial and error, which involves plugging in possible solutions until one… Continue reading Cryptography Tricks Make a Hard Problem a Little Easier
Tornadoes, Floods and Hurricanes Loom, but the Government Is Running Out of Money to Help
Tornadoes, Floods and Hurricanes Loom, but the Government Is Running Out of Money to Help The Federal Emergency Management Agency’s disaster response fund could run out this summer. It dealt with a similar situation last year, which led to a slowdown in rebuilding projects By Thomas Frank & E&E News A destroyed house is seen… Continue reading Tornadoes, Floods and Hurricanes Loom, but the Government Is Running Out of Money to Help
Insects and Other Animals Have Consciousness, Experts Declare
The upshot, Andrews said, is that “we might not need nearly as much equipment as we thought we did” to achieve consciousness. She noted, for example, that even a cerebral cortex — the outer layer of the mammalian brain, which is believed to play a role in attention, perception, memory and other key aspects of… Continue reading Insects and Other Animals Have Consciousness, Experts Declare